In the early 1900s,  normal weight patientswho suffered damage in a brain region called the hypothalamus tended to later became obese or gaunt after injury, leading researchers to suspect that the brain plays a role in both weight gain and loss. More recently, researchers at the University of Turku and Aalto University have potentially discovered new evidence for the role of the brain in obesity by measuring the functioning brain circuits involved in with multiple brain imaging methods. What they found was that brain glucose metabolism was significantly higher in the brain’s striatal regions for obese people which are involved in feel-good sensation found in the mental processing of rewards. As you might suspect, an obese individual’s reward system responded highly to food pictures, while responses in the frontal cortical regions involved in cognitive control were less vigerous.

Therefore, in obese people, overeating may be the result of their brain signaling a huge biochemical reward for ingesting food, even when the body already has met its energergetic demands. This means your craving for food might not be a result of the body signaling a need for more energy, but rather a falsified impulse triggered by your pleasure center.

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A recently published study has examined the effects of overeating (1,000 extra calories per day) on fat mass accumulation and lean mass accumulation, while on a low, moderate, or high protein diet. This isn’t going to be a surprise to bodybuilders anywhere, but although each group managed to gain quite a bit of fat (they weren’t training), the high protein group gained about 7 lbs of lean mass. Not too bad without any training huh?

 

Effect of Dietary Protein Content on Weight Gain, Energy Expenditure, and Body Composition During Overeating

A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Context The role of diet composition in response to overeating and energy dissipation in humans is unclear.

Objective To evaluate the effects of overconsumption of low, normal, and high protein diets on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition.

Design, Setting, and Participants A single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 25 US healthy, weight-stable male and female volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years with a body mass index between 19 and 30. The first participant was admitted to the inpatient metabolic unit in June 2005 and the last in October 2007.

Intervention After consuming a weight-stabilizing diet for 13 to 25 days, participants were randomized to diets containing 5% of energy from protein (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein), which they were overfed during the last 8 weeks of their 10- to 12-week stay in the inpatient metabolic unit. Compared with energy intake during the weight stabilization period, the protein diets provided approximately 40% more energy intake, which corresponds to 954 kcal/d (95% CI, 884-1022 kcal/d).

Main Outcome Measures Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry biweekly, resting energy expenditure was measured weekly by ventilated hood, and total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water prior to the overeating and weight stabilization periods and at weeks 7 to 8.

Results Overeating produced significantly less weight gain in the low protein diet group (3.16 kg; 95% CI, 1.88-4.44 kg) compared with the normal protein diet group (6.05 kg; 95% CI, 4.84-7.26 kg) or the high protein diet group (6.51 kg; 95% CI, 5.23-7.79 kg) (P = .002). Body fat increased similarly in all 3 protein diet groups and represented 50% to more than 90% of the excess stored calories. Resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, and body protein did not increase during overfeeding with the low protein diet. In contrast, resting energy expenditure (normal protein diet: 160 kcal/d [95% CI, 102-218 kcal/d]; high protein diet: 227 kcal/d [95% CI, 165-289 kcal/d]) and body protein (lean body mass) (normal protein diet: 2.87 kg [95% CI, 2.11-3.62 kg]; high protein diet: 3.18 kg [95% CI, 2.37-3.98 kg]) increased significantly with the normal and high protein diets.

Conclusions Among persons living in a controlled setting, calories alone account for the increase in fat; protein affected energy expenditure and storage of lean body mass, but not body fat storage.

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With only a few weeks left until Spring, thoughts are turning away from heavy eating and bulking cycles to cleaner eating and training to show off those muscles for the Summer. This means adding in thermogenic (fat burning) supplements to your current stack. Obviously these are going to help you burn fat, but many of them have added benefits that most people never consider.

Fish oil, for example, will help you burn fat…but did you know it will also help you build muscle? Researchers gave 22 subjects 4 capsules each containing 1 g fish oil (600 mg EPA and 200 mg DHA), daily, for six weeks (another group got a placebo). As you can see from the chart below, the fish oil  group lost about a pound of fat, but they also gained about the same amount of lean mass:

So fish oil is one of those fat-loss products that won’t just help you lose fat, but also helps build lean mass at the same time. And another study performed at Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany, showed that fish oil could sharpen mental focus. But perhaps even more interesting to bodybuilders is that fish oil has also been shown to be anti-estrogenic and can even elevate levels of IGF-1, a highly anabolic hormone. Dietary fatty acids , specifically those found in fish oil, have also been shown to be major biologic regulators and have properties that improve overall health. And Krill oil, has been shown to be at least equal, though perhaps better, than fish oil, in all areas that have been scientifically studies thus far.

And how about caffeine? Caffeine can help you burn fat by preferentially “telling” your body to use body fat for fuel instead of protein and carbohydrates – but it can also help improve focus, aid muscular contractions (thereby boosting strength levels, and even boost athletic performance. That’s why we have included it in every fat burner we make!

But what about creatine? We all know that it makes you bigger and stronger, but most people forget that it’s a wonderful fat loss agent. And not only does it help you lose fat, it can give a significant boost to your working memory and general intelligence. Yeah, believe it or not, creatine can turn dumb-jocks into smart-jocks. And it also helps aid general health by improving cardiovascular indexes and heart function.

We can’t forget testosterone either – it’s been shown in numerous studies to not only build muscle, but also to burn fat and although you can’t purchase testosterone legally without a prescription, there are plenty of great testosterone boosters on the market. But did you know that adequate testosterone levels can help everything from maintaining normal glucose (blood sugar) levels, to optimal thyroid levels,  to a healthy heart? And it’s been shown in some studies to help improve cognitive function as well.

But perhaps just as astonishing is Whey Protein – which we know builds muscle and burns fat like no other protein we’ve ever had in the bodybuilding market. In one study, performed on rodents, it protected them against versus tumors induced by the powerful carcinogen, dimethylhydrazine. And in vivo, research suggests it to be a potent weapon against breast cancer.  Some cancer patients have even seen reduced tumor size in a published study. Whey protein consumption has been linked to improved cholesterol levels, and furthermore to be a potent inhibitor of oxidized LDL cholesterol. And would you believe that whey can improve bone health too? Well it can – it has been shown to boost total protein synthesis and DNA content of bone cells. At the same time, it also has been proven to be an immunostimulator – it boosts your immune system. Unbelievable huh? Because it also helps you burn fat, just like the rest of the compounds here!

So although many people think of losing weight as being inherently “unhealthy” – the truth is that many of the best fat burners are also very healthy as well.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Researchers at Stanford may have discovered that a rare and often untreatable disease, called lymphatic malformation, that leaves children with massive, and sometimes deadly, growths on their faces, necks and other parts of their bodies could be treated with Viagra. Yes, Viagra – the boner pill – appeared to reduce the size of growths in three children with the disease. A larger trial is currently underway.

Lymphatic malformation works on the lymphatic system, which is responsible for removing excess fluid from tissues and organs, and transporting white blood cells. But in lymphatic malformation, the vessels become clogged, and fluid builds up, creating large cysts of spongelike tissue that further impedes the transport of fluid and white blood cells.

sometimes these growths disappear after a few years, although many patients have them permanently. In some cases, the growths are simply cosmetic, but as with any type of tumor, they can put pressure on internal organs, as well as the eyes, tongue, and the throat, thereby leading to major complications including respiratory distress, heart failure, and even blindness. Treatment options include surgical removal or the injection of a drug; but these options aren’t effective for all types of the disease.

This unexpected use for Viagra is surprising, but perhaps seems less crazy when you consider that it was first developed to treat high blood pressure, and the chemical in Viagra, sildenafil, is also sold under the brand name Revatio, as a treatment for high blood pressure involving the lungs. The researchers stumbled on this new use for Viagra when an infant girl presented with a severe case of lymphatic malfunction that caused growth in her chest and resulted in high blood pressure – you guessed it – involving the lungs.

The pressure caused high blood pressure, so the girl was given Revatio. .The result was a massive reduction in growths, so it was given to two more patients, one of whom experienced a  ~25 percent reduction in a vision-obstructing growth, and , and another saw a ~75% reduction in growths on her back. Last month the highly prestigious New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. Since then, a fourth patient has been treated, and again improvement was seen.

Unfortunately, the growths come back upon cessation of treatment. And although the exact mechanism of action at work is yet-undiscovered, researchers are hopeful that this discovery will lead to an eventual cure.

 

 

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Although New Jersey and Massachusetts are typically characterized in popular culture by tough-talking, ill-educated thugs with a ‘Joisey or Boston accent, those states are among the most highly ranked in education. And although Northerners are seen as among the most aggressive in the country (again, specifically the Northeast), it appears that the South is home to more aggressive men. In an experiment,  researchers from the University of Michigan had a volunteer “accidentally” bump into and insult men who were raised either in the North or the South, respectively. The results: Southerners more likely than their northern counterparts to respond aggressively – and  their levels of testosterone also became elevated. The Northerners, in contrast, were far less likely to respond with aggression and experience an increase in testosterone.

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